Cost minimization of supplying biomass for ethanol biorefineries

Biomass Pyrolysis for Hybrid Biorefineries

Hemicellulose biorefineries: a review on biomass pretreatments

Biomass pretreatment (BP) plays a crucial role in a lignocellulose feedstock-based biorefinery (LCFBR) for processing of three major output streams (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin) into chemicals and biofuels. BP includes processing of lignocellulosic material (LCM) under aqueous, dilute acid or alkaline media to obtain a cellulosic fraction, which is then fermented to produce bioethanol....

Minimizing the supplying cost of leverage items: a mathematical approach

In the new competitive environment, selecting and planning of the supply chain is very crucial and involves evaluation of many factors. Different approaches have been applied to assess the supplier/s. Most of these studies are based upon the supplier/s' capabilities. It may be neither rational nor economical to deal with each item via a generic material control system. Furthermore, supplier...

Ethanol Reforming for Supplying Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells

An interesting application of agricultural renewable sources is the employment of ethanol for supplying Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs). For that purpose, ethanol has to be converted into hydrogen by a steam reforming process. MCFCs are particularly suitable for this kind of applications due to their high tolerability to the impurities which are contained into the reaction products and also...

Assessing the environmental sustainability of ethanol from integrated biorefineries

This paper considers the life cycle environmental sustainability of ethanol produced in integrated biorefineries together with chemicals and energy. Four types of second-generation feedstocks are considered: wheat straw, forest residue, poplar, and miscanthus. Seven out of 11 environmental impacts from ethanol are negative, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, when the system is credited f...